Ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o nā kaʻa uila a me ka mākeke EV Charger ma ʻAmelika

Ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o nā kaʻa uila a me ka mākeke EV Charger ma ʻAmelika
ʻOiai ua paʻi ka maʻi ahulau i kekahi mau ʻoihana, ʻokoʻa ka kaʻa uila a me ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao. ʻOiai ʻo ka mākeke US, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻokani honua koʻikoʻi, ke hoʻomaka nei e lele.
Ma kahi wānana no ka mākeke kaʻa uila US ma 2023, ʻōlelo ʻo US tech blog Techcrunch i ka Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke aupuni US i ʻAukake, ua loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila, me nā mea hana e hana nei e neʻe. ko lakou mau kaulahao lako a me na hale hana i Amerika Huipuia.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Tesla a me GM, akā ʻo nā hui e like me Ford, Nissan, Rivian a me Volkswagen, e pōmaikaʻi.
I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa uila ma US e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, e like me Tesla's Model S, Model Y a me Model 3, Chevrolet's Bolt a me Ford's Mustang Mach-E. E ʻike ʻo 2023 i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe e puka mai ana i ka wā e hele mai ana nā hale hana hou, a ʻoi aku ka uku.
Ua wānana ʻo McKinsey e hana nā mea hana kaʻa kahiko a me nā mea hoʻomaka EV e like me 400 mau hiʻohiʻona hou i ka makahiki 2023.
Eia kekahi, i mea e kākoʻo ai i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pile, ua hoʻolaha ka US e hoʻolālā i kahi kālā $ 7.5 biliona ma 2022 e kūkulu i 500,000 mau kikowaena hoʻokele lehulehu. Manaʻo ka hui waiwai ʻole ʻo ICCT i ka makahiki 2030, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi no ka hale hoʻolimalima lehulehu ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o 1 miliona.
Ke ulu nei ka mākeke kaʻa uila
ʻO ka mākeke kaʻa uila honua, me ka Hybrid Electric vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle (PHEV) a me Battery Electric vehicle (BEV), ke hoʻomau nei ia e piʻi aʻe i loko o ka pōʻino o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19.
Wahi a kahi noiʻi ʻo McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021), ʻoiai ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa honua, he makahiki nui ʻo 2020 no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa uila, a ma ka hapaha ʻekolu o kēlā makahiki, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o nā kaʻa uila. ka pae ma mua o COVID-19.
ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kūʻai aku ma ʻEulopa a me Kina e 60% a me 80% i ka hapahā ʻehā ma mua o ka hapaha mua, e koi ana i ka helu komo kaʻa uila honua i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 6%. ʻOiai ua haʻalele ka US ma hope o nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana o EV ma kahi o 200% ma waena o Q2 2020 a me Q2 2021, e hāʻawi ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka helu komo kūloko o 3.6% i ka wā maʻi maʻi (e ʻike i ke Kiʻi 1).

Kiʻi 1 – Puna: McKinsey study (Fischer et al., 2021)
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka nānā pono ʻana i ka māhele ʻāina o nā hoʻopaʻa inoa EV ma waena o US e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i like ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EV ma nā wahi āpau; pili loa ia me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka a me ka laha nui ma na wahi metropolitan a he like ole ia ma ka mokuaina, me kekahi mau mokuaina i oi aku ka nui o na kakau inoa EV a me na helu hookama (Figure 2).

Hoʻokahi o waho ma Kaleponi. Wahi a ka US Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center, ua piʻi ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā kaʻa uila uila ma Kaleponi i 425,300 i 2020, e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 42% o nā kau inoa kaʻa uila o ka lāhui. ʻOi aku ia ma mua o ʻehiku manawa o ka helu hoʻopaʻa inoa ma Florida, nona ka helu lua kiʻekiʻe loa o nā kaʻa uila i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.
ʻO nā kahua hoʻomoana ʻelua ma ka mākeke kahua hoʻoili kālā US
Ma waho aʻe o Kina a me ʻEulopa, ʻo ʻAmelika ke kolu o ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua. Wahi a nā helu IEA, ma 2021, aia he 2 miliona mau kaʻa ikehu hou i ka US, 114,000 kaʻa kaʻa lehulehu (36,000 charging stations), a me kahi kaʻa lehulehu-pile ratio o 17: 1, me ka lohi ʻana o ka AC charging accounting no kahi 81 %, haʻahaʻa iki ma mua o ka mākeke ʻEulopa.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo US ev charger ma ke ʻano i ka AC slow charging (me ka L1 - ka hoʻouka ʻana i 1 hola e hoʻokele ai i 2-5 mau mile a me L2 - e hoʻopaʻa ana i 1 hola e hoʻokele ai i 10-20 mau mile), a me ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana o DC (e hoʻopaʻa ana i 1 hola e hoʻokele 60 mau mile. a ʻoi aku paha). I kēia manawa, loaʻa ka AC lohi i ka L2 no 80%, me ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻo ChargePoint e hāʻawi ana i ka 51.5% o ka māhele mākeke, aʻo DC ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana he 19%, alakaʻi ʻia e Tesla me kahi māhele mākeke 58%.

Source: Hua 'an Securities
Wahi a kahi hōʻike e Grand View Research, ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa US he $ 2.85 biliona i 2021 a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e ulu i kahi hui ulu makahiki ulu (CAGR) o 36.9% mai 2022 a 2030.
ʻO kēia nā ʻoihana hoʻolimalima kaʻa uila nui o US.
Tesla
Na ka mea hana kaʻa uila ʻo Tesla nona a hoʻohana i kāna pūnaewele ponoʻī o Superchargers. Aia ka hui i 1,604 mau kikowaena a me 14,081 superchargers ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, aia ma nā wahi ākea a ma nā hale kūʻai Tesla. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka lālā, akā ua kaupalena ʻia i nā kaʻa Tesla i lako me nā mea hoʻohui proprietary. Hiki iā Tesla ke hoʻohana i nā loina SAE ma o nā mea hoʻololi.
Hoʻololi ke kumukūʻai ma ka wahi a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, akā maʻamau he $0.28 no kWh. Inā pili ke kumukūʻai i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia, he 13 keneta no ka minuke ma lalo o 60 kWh a me 26 keneta no ka minuke ma luna o 60 kWh.
ʻO ka pūnaewele hoʻoili Tesla maʻamau he ʻoi aku ma mua o 20,000 superchargers (nā hoʻoili wikiwiki). ʻOiai he hui pū ʻia nā pūnaewele hoʻoili ʻē aʻe o ka Papa 1 (ma luna o 8 mau hola i ka uku piha), Papa 2 (ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 mau hola i ka piha piha) a me ka Level 3 wikiwiki wikiwiki (e pili ana i 1 hola i ka uku piha), ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Tesla e ʻae i nā mea nona. e hele koke ma ke alanui me ka uku pōkole.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kikowaena Supercharger āpau ma ka palapala ʻāina pili i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ma luna o Tesla. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke ʻike i nā kikowaena ma ke ala, a me kā lākou wikiwiki a me ka loaʻa. Hāʻawi ka Supercharger pūnaewele i nā mea nona Tesla e loaʻa i ka ʻike huakaʻi maikaʻi loa me ka hilinaʻi ʻole ʻana i nā kikowaena hoʻoili ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Blink
Na ka Car Charging Group, Inc, ka pūnaewele Blink, nāna e hoʻohana i 3,275 Level 2 a me Level 3 mau loina lehulehu ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona lawelawe ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lilo i lālā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi charger Blink, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ke kālā inā ʻoe e hui.
He $0.39 a $0.79 no ka KWH ke kumu kumu no ka uku ʻana i ka Papa 2, a i ʻole $0.04 a $0.06 i kēlā me kēia minuke. He $0.49 a i $0.69 no ka KWH, a i ʻole $6.99 a i $9.99 no ka uku hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki ʻo Level 3.
Kauku
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma Kaleponi, ʻo ChargePoint ka pūnaewele hoʻoili nui loa ma US me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 68,000 mau wahi hoʻoili, a ʻo 1,500 o ia mau mea hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Level 3 DC. ʻO kahi pākēneka liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā kikowaena hoʻoili o ChargePoint ʻo ia ʻo Level 3 DC Fast Chargers.
ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kikowaena hoʻoili no ka hoʻopiʻi lohi ʻana i ka lā hana ma nā wahi kūʻai aku me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina Level I a me Level II. ʻO kēia ka hoʻolālā kūpono e hoʻonui ai i ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā mea kūʻai aku no ka huakaʻi EV, akā he mau hemahema ko lākou pūnaewele no ka huakaʻi interstate a me ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole i nā mea nona ka EV ke hilinaʻi piha iā ChargePoint.
E electrified America
Hoʻolālā ʻo Electrify America, nona ka mea hana kaʻa ʻo Volkswagen, e hoʻokomo i 480 mau kikowaena wikiwiki ma 17 mau wahi metropolitan ma 42 mau mokuʻāina ma ka hopena o ka makahiki, me kēlā me kēia kikowaena ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau mile mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka lālā, akā loaʻa nā uku no ke komo ʻana i ka papahana Pass+ o ka hui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumukūʻai o ka hoʻouka ʻana i kēlā me kēia minuke, ma muli o ka wahi a me ka pae mana kiʻekiʻe e ʻae ʻia no ke kaʻa.
No ka laʻana, ma Kaleponi, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai kumu he $0.99 no ka minuke no 350 kW kaha, $0.69 no 125 kW, $0.25 no 75 kW, a me $1.00 no ka uku. ʻO ka uku mahina no ka papahana Pass+ he $4.00, a he $0.70 no ka minuke no 350 kW, $0.50 no ka minuke no 125 kW, a me $0.18 no ka minuke no 75 kW.
EVgo
ʻO EVgo , i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Tennessee a mālama ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,200 DC Fast Charger ma 34 mau mokuʻāina. ʻOkoʻa nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki ʻana ma ka ʻāina. No ka laʻana, ma ka wahi o Los Angeles ma Kaleponi, he $0.27 i kēlā me kēia minuke no nā lālā ʻole a me $0.23 i kēlā me kēia minuke no nā lālā. Pono ke kau inoa i ka uku mahina o $7.99, akā he 34 mau minuke o ka hoʻouka wikiwiki. Ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, uku ka Papa 2 i $1.50 i kēlā me kēia hola. E hoʻomaopopo hoʻi he kuʻikahi ko EVgo me Tesla no nā keʻena hoʻouka wikiwiki EVgo e loaʻa i nā mea nona Tesla.
Volta
ʻO Volta, kahi hui ma Kapalakiko e hoʻohana ana ma mua o 700 mau kikowaena hoʻopihapiha ma 10 mau mokuʻāina, ʻo ka mea e kū nei, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hāmeʻa Volta he manuahi a ʻaʻohe lālā e koi ʻia. Ua kākoʻo kālā ʻo Volta i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻolimalima ʻĀpana 2 kokoke i nā hale kūʻai e like me Whole Foods, Macy's a me Saks. ʻOiai e uku ana ka hui i ka bila uila, loaʻa ke kālā ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hoʻolaha kākoʻo i hōʻike ʻia ma nā monitor i kau ʻia ma nā ʻāpana hoʻoili. ʻO ka hemahema nui o ka Volta, ʻo ia ka nele o nā ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana o Level 3.